Why Most Toothpastes Can’t Repair Enamel (and What Can)
September 13, 2025

Why Most Toothpastes Can’t Repair Enamel (and What Can)

By Marisa Battrick

The problem with enamel erosion

Every day, our teeth face attacks from acidic food and drink, bacterial plaque, and even over-brushing. Over time this leads to enamel loss — causing sensitivity, cavities, and yellowing.
Here’s the kicker: once enamel is gone, it doesn’t naturally regrow. Unlike bone, enamel has no living cells to repair itself.

So where does that leave us? Traditionally, dentistry has focused on prevention rather than repair — protecting what enamel you have left, but not restoring what’s been lost.

 

Fluoride: protection, not repair

Fluoride is the most common active in mainstream toothpaste.

  • How it works: Fluoride helps resist acid attacks by forming a harder, more acid-resistant layer on teeth (fluoroapatite).

  • Limitations: Fluoride strengthens what’s there, but it doesn’t directly rebuild lost enamel. It’s protective — not restorative.

That’s why you can brush with standard toothpaste every day and still develop sensitivity, erosion, or cavities.

 

Why “everyday” toothpastes fall short

Most supermarket toothpastes are 95% filler: abrasives, foaming agents, artificial flavours, and stabilisers. Actives like fluoride are typically only 0.1%–0.3% of the formula.

This means:

  • ✅ They clean and freshen.

  • ✅ They help prevent decay.

  • ❌ They don’t rebuild enamel.

So if you already struggle with sensitivity or enamel erosion, you need more than just “everyday” protection. You need minerals back in the tooth.

 

Hydroxyapatite: the mineral your teeth are made of

Here’s the science: your enamel is 97% hydroxyapatite — a crystalline form of calcium and phosphate.

  • When enamel erodes, those hydroxyapatite crystals dissolve.

  • When you reintroduce hydroxyapatite, the minerals can integrate into the enamel surface — plugging microscopic holes, repairing weak spots, and reducing sensitivity.

Unlike fluoride, which modifies the surface, hydroxyapatite directly replaces what’s lost.

 

Toothpastes with hydroxyapatite: a step forward

Over the last decade, clinical studies have shown hydroxyapatite toothpaste to be as effective as fluoride at preventing cavities — and even better at reducing sensitivity.

That’s why Truthpaste created its 5% hydroxyapatite toothpaste:

  • ✅ Gentle daily remineralisation

  • ✅ Helps reduce sensitivity

  • ✅ Strengthens enamel over time

 

Most everyday toothpastes are designed to clean and protect, but they can’t truly repair enamel. Enamel — the hard outer layer of your teeth — doesn’t naturally regrow once it’s worn away. Fluoride, the main active in conventional toothpaste, helps strengthen what remains but doesn’t replace lost minerals.

That’s where hydroxyapatite comes in. Hydroxyapatite is the very mineral enamel is made of, and clinical studies show it can replenish weakened areas, reduce sensitivity, and restore surface smoothness. Toothpaste with hydroxyapatite offers a more advanced approach to protecting and repairing teeth, making it a powerful alternative to standard fluoride-based formulas.